how tokenizers are expected to work and the public API that needs to be
implemented when creating a new tokenizer. For information on how to configure
a specific tokenizer for a database see the
-[tokenizer chapter in the administration guide](../admin/Tokenizers.md).
+[tokenizer chapter in the Customization Guide](../customize/Tokenizers.md).
## Generic Architecture
the specific place. This list is later needed in the PL/pgSQL part where the
indexer needs to add the token IDs to the appropriate search tables. To be
able to communicate the list between the Python part and the pl/pgSQL trigger,
-the placex table contains a special JSONB column `token_info` which is there
+the `placex` table contains a special JSONB column `token_info` which is there
for the exclusive use of the tokenizer.
The Python part of the tokenizer returns a structured information about the
### Querying
+At query time, Nominatim builds up multiple _interpretations_ of the search
+query. Each of these interpretations is tried against the database in order
+of the likelihood with which they match to the search query. The first
+interpretation that yields results wins.
+
+The interpretations are encapsulated in the `SearchDescription` class. An
+instance of this class is created by applying a sequence of
+_search tokens_ to an initially empty SearchDescription. It is the
+responsibility of the tokenizer to parse the search query and derive all
+possible sequences of search tokens. To that end the tokenizer needs to parse
+the search query and look up matching words in its own data structures.
+
+## Tokenizer API
+
+The following section describes the functions that need to be implemented
+for a custom tokenizer implementation.
+
+!!! warning
+ This API is currently in early alpha status. While this API is meant to
+ be a public API on which other tokenizers may be implemented, the API is
+ far away from being stable at the moment.
+
+### Directory Structure
+
+Nominatim expects two files for a tokenizer:
+
+* `nominatim/tokenizer/<NAME>_tokenizer.py` containing the Python part of the
+ implementation
+* `lib-php/tokenizer/<NAME>_tokenizer.php` with the PHP part of the
+ implementation
+
+where `<NAME>` is a unique name for the tokenizer consisting of only lower-case
+letters, digits and underscore. A tokenizer also needs to install some SQL
+functions. By convention, these should be placed in `lib-sql/tokenizer`.
+
+If the tokenizer has a default configuration file, this should be saved in
+the `settings/<NAME>_tokenizer.<SUFFIX>`.
+
+### Configuration and Persistence
+
+Tokenizers may define custom settings for their configuration. All settings
+must be prefixed with `NOMINATIM_TOKENIZER_`. Settings may be transient or
+persistent. Transient settings are loaded from the configuration file when
+Nominatim is started and may thus be changed at any time. Persistent settings
+are tied to a database installation and must only be read during installation
+time. If they are needed for the runtime then they must be saved into the
+`nominatim_properties` table and later loaded from there.
+
+### The Python module
+
+The Python module is expect to export a single factory function:
+
+```python
+def create(dsn: str, data_dir: Path) -> AbstractTokenizer
+```
+
+The `dsn` parameter contains the DSN of the Nominatim database. The `data_dir`
+is a directory in the project directory that the tokenizer may use to save
+database-specific data. The function must return the instance of the tokenizer
+class as defined below.
+
+### Python Tokenizer Class
+
+All tokenizers must inherit from `nominatim_db.tokenizer.base.AbstractTokenizer`
+and implement the abstract functions defined there.
+
+::: nominatim_db.tokenizer.base.AbstractTokenizer
+ options:
+ heading_level: 6
+
+### Python Analyzer Class
+
+::: nominatim_db.tokenizer.base.AbstractAnalyzer
+ options:
+ heading_level: 6
+
+### PL/pgSQL Functions
+
+The tokenizer must provide access functions for the `token_info` column
+to the indexer which extracts the necessary information for the global
+search tables. If the tokenizer needs additional SQL functions for private
+use, then these functions must be prefixed with `token_` in order to ensure
+that there are no naming conflicts with the SQL indexer code.
+
+The following functions are expected:
+
+```sql
+FUNCTION token_get_name_search_tokens(info JSONB) RETURNS INTEGER[]
+```
+
+Return an array of token IDs of search terms that should match
+the name(s) for the given place. These tokens are used to look up the place
+by name and, where the place functions as part of an address for another place,
+by address. Must return NULL when the place has no name.
+
+```sql
+FUNCTION token_get_name_match_tokens(info JSONB) RETURNS INTEGER[]
+```
+
+Return an array of token IDs of full names of the place that should be used
+to match addresses. The list of match tokens is usually more strict than
+search tokens as it is used to find a match between two OSM tag values which
+are expected to contain matching full names. Partial terms should not be
+used for match tokens. Must return NULL when the place has no name.
+
+```sql
+FUNCTION token_get_housenumber_search_tokens(info JSONB) RETURNS INTEGER[]
+```
+
+Return an array of token IDs of house number tokens that apply to the place.
+Note that a place may have multiple house numbers, for example when apartments
+each have their own number. Must be NULL when the place has no house numbers.
+
+```sql
+FUNCTION token_normalized_housenumber(info JSONB) RETURNS TEXT
+```
+
+Return the house number(s) in the normalized form that can be matched against
+a house number token text. If a place has multiple house numbers they must
+be listed with a semicolon as delimiter. Must be NULL when the place has no
+house numbers.
+
+```sql
+FUNCTION token_is_street_address(info JSONB) RETURNS BOOLEAN
+```
+
+Return true if this is an object that should be parented against a street.
+Only relevant for objects with address rank 30.
+
+```sql
+FUNCTION token_has_addr_street(info JSONB) RETURNS BOOLEAN
+```
+
+Return true if there are street names to match against for finding the
+parent of the object.
+
+
+```sql
+FUNCTION token_has_addr_place(info JSONB) RETURNS BOOLEAN
+```
+
+Return true if there are place names to match against for finding the
+parent of the object.
+
+```sql
+FUNCTION token_matches_street(info JSONB, street_tokens INTEGER[]) RETURNS BOOLEAN
+```
+
+Check if the given tokens (previously saved from `token_get_name_match_tokens()`)
+match against the `addr:street` tag name. Must return either NULL or FALSE
+when the place has no `addr:street` tag.
+
+```sql
+FUNCTION token_matches_place(info JSONB, place_tokens INTEGER[]) RETURNS BOOLEAN
+```
+
+Check if the given tokens (previously saved from `token_get_name_match_tokens()`)
+match against the `addr:place` tag name. Must return either NULL or FALSE
+when the place has no `addr:place` tag.
+
+
+```sql
+FUNCTION token_addr_place_search_tokens(info JSONB) RETURNS INTEGER[]
+```
+
+Return the search token IDs extracted from the `addr:place` tag. These tokens
+are used for searches by address when no matching place can be found in the
+database. Must be NULL when the place has no `addr:place` tag.
+
+```sql
+FUNCTION token_get_address_keys(info JSONB) RETURNS SETOF TEXT
+```
+
+Return the set of keys for which address information is provided. This
+should correspond to the list of (relevant) `addr:*` tags with the `addr:`
+prefix removed or the keys used in the `address` dictionary of the place info.
+
+```sql
+FUNCTION token_get_address_search_tokens(info JSONB, key TEXT) RETURNS INTEGER[]
+```
+
+Return the array of search tokens for the given address part. `key` can be
+expected to be one of those returned with `token_get_address_keys()`. The
+search tokens are added to the address search vector of the place, when no
+corresponding OSM object could be found for the given address part from which
+to copy the name information.
+
+```sql
+FUNCTION token_matches_address(info JSONB, key TEXT, tokens INTEGER[])
+```
+
+Check if the given tokens match against the address part `key`.
+
+__Warning:__ the tokens that are handed in are the lists previously saved
+from `token_get_name_search_tokens()`, _not_ from the match token list. This
+is an historical oddity which will be fixed at some point in the future.
+Currently, tokenizers are encouraged to make sure that matching works against
+both the search token list and the match token list.
+
+```sql
+FUNCTION token_get_postcode(info JSONB) RETURNS TEXT
+```
+
+Return the postcode for the object, if any exists. The postcode must be in
+the form that should also be presented to the end-user.
+
+```sql
+FUNCTION token_strip_info(info JSONB) RETURNS JSONB
+```
+
+Return the part of the `token_info` field that should be stored in the database
+permanently. The indexer calls this function when all processing is done and
+replaces the content of the `token_info` column with the returned value before
+the trigger stores the information in the database. May return NULL if no
+information should be stored permanently.
+
+### PHP Tokenizer class
+
+The PHP tokenizer class is instantiated once per request and responsible for
+analyzing the incoming query. Multiple requests may be in flight in
+parallel.
+
+The class is expected to be found under the
+name of `\Nominatim\Tokenizer`. To find the class the PHP code includes the file
+`tokenizer/tokenizer.php` in the project directory. This file must be created
+when the tokenizer is first set up on import. The file should initialize any
+configuration variables by setting PHP constants and then require the file
+with the actual implementation of the tokenizer.
+
+The tokenizer class must implement the following functions:
+
+```php
+public function __construct(object &$oDB)
+```
+
+The constructor of the class receives a database connection that can be used
+to query persistent data in the database.
+
+```php
+public function checkStatus()
+```
+
+Check that the tokenizer can access its persistent data structures. If there
+is an issue, throw an `\Exception`.
+
+```php
+public function normalizeString(string $sTerm) : string
+```
+
+Normalize string to a form to be used for comparisons when reordering results.
+Nominatim reweighs results how well the final display string matches the actual
+query. Before comparing result and query, names and query are normalised against
+this function. The tokenizer can thus remove all properties that should not be
+taken into account for reweighing, e.g. special characters or case.
+
+```php
+public function tokensForSpecialTerm(string $sTerm) : array
+```
+
+Return the list of special term tokens that match the given term.
+
+```php
+public function extractTokensFromPhrases(array &$aPhrases) : TokenList
+```
+
+Parse the given phrases, splitting them into word lists and retrieve the
+matching tokens.
+
+The phrase array may take on two forms. In unstructured searches (using `q=`
+parameter) the search query is split at the commas and the elements are
+put into a sorted list. For structured searches the phrase array is an
+associative array where the key designates the type of the term (street, city,
+county etc.) The tokenizer may ignore the phrase type at this stage in parsing.
+Matching phrase type and appropriate search token type will be done later
+when the SearchDescription is built.
+
+For each phrase in the list of phrases, the function must analyse the phrase
+string and then call `setWordSets()` to communicate the result of the analysis.
+A word set is a list of strings, where each string refers to a search token.
+A phrase may have multiple interpretations. Therefore a list of word sets is
+usually attached to the phrase. The search tokens themselves are returned
+by the function in an associative array, where the key corresponds to the
+strings given in the word sets. The value is a list of search tokens. Thus
+a single string in the list of word sets may refer to multiple search tokens.
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