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1 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
2 #
3 # This file is part of Nominatim. (https://nominatim.org)
4 #
5 # Copyright (C) 2023 by the Nominatim developer community.
6 # For a full list of authors see the git log.
7 """
8 Implementation of reverse geocoding.
9 """
10 from typing import Optional, List, Callable, Type, Tuple, Dict, Any, cast, Union
11 import functools
12
13 import sqlalchemy as sa
14
15 from nominatim.typing import SaColumn, SaSelect, SaFromClause, SaLabel, SaRow,\
16                              SaBind, SaLambdaSelect
17 from nominatim.api.connection import SearchConnection
18 import nominatim.api.results as nres
19 from nominatim.api.logging import log
20 from nominatim.api.types import AnyPoint, DataLayer, ReverseDetails, GeometryFormat, Bbox
21 from nominatim.db.sqlalchemy_types import Geometry
22 import nominatim.db.sqlalchemy_functions as snfn
23
24 # In SQLAlchemy expression which compare with NULL need to be expressed with
25 # the equal sign.
26 # pylint: disable=singleton-comparison
27
28 RowFunc = Callable[[Optional[SaRow], Type[nres.ReverseResult]], Optional[nres.ReverseResult]]
29
30 WKT_PARAM: SaBind = sa.bindparam('wkt', type_=Geometry)
31 MAX_RANK_PARAM: SaBind = sa.bindparam('max_rank')
32
33 def no_index(expr: SaColumn) -> SaColumn:
34     """ Wrap the given expression, so that the query planner will
35         refrain from using the expression for index lookup.
36     """
37     return sa.func.coalesce(sa.null(), expr) # pylint: disable=not-callable
38
39
40 def _select_from_placex(t: SaFromClause, use_wkt: bool = True) -> SaSelect:
41     """ Create a select statement with the columns relevant for reverse
42         results.
43     """
44     if not use_wkt:
45         distance = t.c.distance
46         centroid = t.c.centroid
47     else:
48         distance = t.c.geometry.ST_Distance(WKT_PARAM)
49         centroid = sa.case((t.c.geometry.is_line_like(), t.c.geometry.ST_ClosestPoint(WKT_PARAM)),
50                            else_=t.c.centroid).label('centroid')
51
52
53     return sa.select(t.c.place_id, t.c.osm_type, t.c.osm_id, t.c.name,
54                      t.c.class_, t.c.type,
55                      t.c.address, t.c.extratags,
56                      t.c.housenumber, t.c.postcode, t.c.country_code,
57                      t.c.importance, t.c.wikipedia,
58                      t.c.parent_place_id, t.c.rank_address, t.c.rank_search,
59                      centroid,
60                      t.c.linked_place_id, t.c.admin_level,
61                      distance.label('distance'),
62                      t.c.geometry.ST_Expand(0).label('bbox'))
63
64
65 def _interpolated_housenumber(table: SaFromClause) -> SaLabel:
66     return sa.cast(table.c.startnumber
67                     + sa.func.round(((table.c.endnumber - table.c.startnumber) * table.c.position)
68                                     / table.c.step) * table.c.step,
69                    sa.Integer).label('housenumber')
70
71
72 def _interpolated_position(table: SaFromClause) -> SaLabel:
73     fac = sa.cast(table.c.step, sa.Float) / (table.c.endnumber - table.c.startnumber)
74     rounded_pos = sa.func.round(table.c.position / fac) * fac
75     return sa.case(
76              (table.c.endnumber == table.c.startnumber, table.c.linegeo.ST_Centroid()),
77               else_=table.c.linegeo.ST_LineInterpolatePoint(rounded_pos)).label('centroid')
78
79
80 def _locate_interpolation(table: SaFromClause) -> SaLabel:
81     """ Given a position, locate the closest point on the line.
82     """
83     return sa.case((table.c.linegeo.is_line_like(),
84                     table.c.linegeo.ST_LineLocatePoint(WKT_PARAM)),
85                    else_=0).label('position')
86
87
88 def _is_address_point(table: SaFromClause) -> SaColumn:
89     return sa.and_(table.c.rank_address == 30,
90                    sa.or_(table.c.housenumber != None,
91                           table.c.name.has_key('addr:housename')))
92
93
94 def _get_closest(*rows: Optional[SaRow]) -> Optional[SaRow]:
95     return min(rows, key=lambda row: 1000 if row is None else row.distance)
96
97
98 class ReverseGeocoder:
99     """ Class implementing the logic for looking up a place from a
100         coordinate.
101     """
102
103     def __init__(self, conn: SearchConnection, params: ReverseDetails,
104                  restrict_to_country_areas: bool = False) -> None:
105         self.conn = conn
106         self.params = params
107         self.restrict_to_country_areas = restrict_to_country_areas
108
109         self.bind_params: Dict[str, Any] = {'max_rank': params.max_rank}
110
111
112     @property
113     def max_rank(self) -> int:
114         """ Return the maximum configured rank.
115         """
116         return self.params.max_rank
117
118
119     def has_geometries(self) -> bool:
120         """ Check if any geometries are requested.
121         """
122         return bool(self.params.geometry_output)
123
124
125     def layer_enabled(self, *layer: DataLayer) -> bool:
126         """ Return true when any of the given layer types are requested.
127         """
128         return any(self.params.layers & l for l in layer)
129
130
131     def layer_disabled(self, *layer: DataLayer) -> bool:
132         """ Return true when none of the given layer types is requested.
133         """
134         return not any(self.params.layers & l for l in layer)
135
136
137     def has_feature_layers(self) -> bool:
138         """ Return true if any layer other than ADDRESS or POI is requested.
139         """
140         return self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.RAILWAY, DataLayer.MANMADE, DataLayer.NATURAL)
141
142
143     def _add_geometry_columns(self, sql: SaLambdaSelect, col: SaColumn) -> SaSelect:
144         out = []
145
146         if self.params.geometry_simplification > 0.0:
147             col = sa.func.ST_SimplifyPreserveTopology(col, self.params.geometry_simplification)
148
149         if self.params.geometry_output & GeometryFormat.GEOJSON:
150             out.append(sa.func.ST_AsGeoJSON(col).label('geometry_geojson'))
151         if self.params.geometry_output & GeometryFormat.TEXT:
152             out.append(sa.func.ST_AsText(col).label('geometry_text'))
153         if self.params.geometry_output & GeometryFormat.KML:
154             out.append(sa.func.ST_AsKML(col).label('geometry_kml'))
155         if self.params.geometry_output & GeometryFormat.SVG:
156             out.append(sa.func.ST_AsSVG(col).label('geometry_svg'))
157
158         return sql.add_columns(*out)
159
160
161     def _filter_by_layer(self, table: SaFromClause) -> SaColumn:
162         if self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.MANMADE):
163             exclude = []
164             if self.layer_disabled(DataLayer.RAILWAY):
165                 exclude.append('railway')
166             if self.layer_disabled(DataLayer.NATURAL):
167                 exclude.extend(('natural', 'water', 'waterway'))
168             return table.c.class_.not_in(tuple(exclude))
169
170         include = []
171         if self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.RAILWAY):
172             include.append('railway')
173         if self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.NATURAL):
174             include.extend(('natural', 'water', 'waterway'))
175         return table.c.class_.in_(tuple(include))
176
177
178     async def _find_closest_street_or_poi(self, distance: float) -> Optional[SaRow]:
179         """ Look up the closest rank 26+ place in the database, which
180             is closer than the given distance.
181         """
182         t = self.conn.t.placex
183
184         # PostgreSQL must not get the distance as a parameter because
185         # there is a danger it won't be able to proberly estimate index use
186         # when used with prepared statements
187         diststr = sa.text(f"{distance}")
188
189         sql: SaLambdaSelect = sa.lambda_stmt(lambda: _select_from_placex(t)
190                 .where(t.c.geometry.ST_DWithin(WKT_PARAM, diststr))
191                 .where(t.c.indexed_status == 0)
192                 .where(t.c.linked_place_id == None)
193                 .where(sa.or_(sa.not_(t.c.geometry.is_area()),
194                               t.c.centroid.ST_Distance(WKT_PARAM) < diststr))
195                 .order_by('distance')
196                 .limit(1))
197
198         if self.has_geometries():
199             sql = self._add_geometry_columns(sql, t.c.geometry)
200
201         restrict: List[Union[SaColumn, Callable[[], SaColumn]]] = []
202
203         if self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.ADDRESS):
204             max_rank = min(29, self.max_rank)
205             restrict.append(lambda: no_index(t.c.rank_address).between(26, max_rank))
206             if self.max_rank == 30:
207                 restrict.append(lambda: _is_address_point(t))
208         if self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.POI) and self.max_rank == 30:
209             restrict.append(lambda: sa.and_(no_index(t.c.rank_search) == 30,
210                                             t.c.class_.not_in(('place', 'building')),
211                                             sa.not_(t.c.geometry.is_line_like())))
212         if self.has_feature_layers():
213             restrict.append(sa.and_(no_index(t.c.rank_search).between(26, MAX_RANK_PARAM),
214                                     no_index(t.c.rank_address) == 0,
215                                     self._filter_by_layer(t)))
216
217         if not restrict:
218             return None
219
220         sql = sql.where(sa.or_(*restrict))
221
222         return (await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)).one_or_none()
223
224
225     async def _find_housenumber_for_street(self, parent_place_id: int) -> Optional[SaRow]:
226         t = self.conn.t.placex
227
228         sql: SaLambdaSelect = sa.lambda_stmt(lambda: _select_from_placex(t)
229                 .where(t.c.geometry.ST_DWithin(WKT_PARAM, 0.001))
230                 .where(t.c.parent_place_id == parent_place_id)
231                 .where(_is_address_point(t))
232                 .where(t.c.indexed_status == 0)
233                 .where(t.c.linked_place_id == None)
234                 .order_by('distance')
235                 .limit(1))
236
237         if self.has_geometries():
238             sql = self._add_geometry_columns(sql, t.c.geometry)
239
240         return (await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)).one_or_none()
241
242
243     async def _find_interpolation_for_street(self, parent_place_id: Optional[int],
244                                              distance: float) -> Optional[SaRow]:
245         t = self.conn.t.osmline
246
247         sql: Any = sa.lambda_stmt(lambda:
248                    sa.select(t,
249                              t.c.linegeo.ST_Distance(WKT_PARAM).label('distance'),
250                              _locate_interpolation(t))
251                      .where(t.c.linegeo.ST_DWithin(WKT_PARAM, distance))
252                      .where(t.c.startnumber != None)
253                      .order_by('distance')
254                      .limit(1))
255
256         if parent_place_id is not None:
257             sql += lambda s: s.where(t.c.parent_place_id == parent_place_id)
258
259         def _wrap_query(base_sql: SaLambdaSelect) -> SaSelect:
260             inner = base_sql.subquery('ipol')
261
262             return sa.select(inner.c.place_id, inner.c.osm_id,
263                              inner.c.parent_place_id, inner.c.address,
264                              _interpolated_housenumber(inner),
265                              _interpolated_position(inner),
266                              inner.c.postcode, inner.c.country_code,
267                              inner.c.distance)
268
269         sql += _wrap_query
270
271         if self.has_geometries():
272             sub = sql.subquery('geom')
273             sql = self._add_geometry_columns(sa.select(sub), sub.c.centroid)
274
275         return (await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)).one_or_none()
276
277
278     async def _find_tiger_number_for_street(self, parent_place_id: int) -> Optional[SaRow]:
279         t = self.conn.t.tiger
280
281         def _base_query() -> SaSelect:
282             inner = sa.select(t,
283                               t.c.linegeo.ST_Distance(WKT_PARAM).label('distance'),
284                               _locate_interpolation(t))\
285                       .where(t.c.linegeo.ST_DWithin(WKT_PARAM, 0.001))\
286                       .where(t.c.parent_place_id == parent_place_id)\
287                       .order_by('distance')\
288                       .limit(1)\
289                       .subquery('tiger')
290
291             return sa.select(inner.c.place_id,
292                              inner.c.parent_place_id,
293                              _interpolated_housenumber(inner),
294                              _interpolated_position(inner),
295                              inner.c.postcode,
296                              inner.c.distance)
297
298         sql: SaLambdaSelect = sa.lambda_stmt(_base_query)
299
300         if self.has_geometries():
301             sub = sql.subquery('geom')
302             sql = self._add_geometry_columns(sa.select(sub), sub.c.centroid)
303
304         return (await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)).one_or_none()
305
306
307     async def lookup_street_poi(self) -> Tuple[Optional[SaRow], RowFunc]:
308         """ Find a street or POI/address for the given WKT point.
309         """
310         log().section('Reverse lookup on street/address level')
311         distance = 0.006
312         parent_place_id = None
313
314         row = await self._find_closest_street_or_poi(distance)
315         row_func: RowFunc = nres.create_from_placex_row
316         log().var_dump('Result (street/building)', row)
317
318         # If the closest result was a street, but an address was requested,
319         # check for a housenumber nearby which is part of the street.
320         if row is not None:
321             if self.max_rank > 27 \
322                and self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.ADDRESS) \
323                and row.rank_address <= 27:
324                 distance = 0.001
325                 parent_place_id = row.place_id
326                 log().comment('Find housenumber for street')
327                 addr_row = await self._find_housenumber_for_street(parent_place_id)
328                 log().var_dump('Result (street housenumber)', addr_row)
329
330                 if addr_row is not None:
331                     row = addr_row
332                     row_func = nres.create_from_placex_row
333                     distance = addr_row.distance
334                 elif row.country_code == 'us' and parent_place_id is not None:
335                     log().comment('Find TIGER housenumber for street')
336                     addr_row = await self._find_tiger_number_for_street(parent_place_id)
337                     log().var_dump('Result (street Tiger housenumber)', addr_row)
338
339                     if addr_row is not None:
340                         row_func = cast(RowFunc,
341                                         functools.partial(nres.create_from_tiger_row,
342                                                           osm_type=row.osm_type,
343                                                           osm_id=row.osm_id))
344                         row = addr_row
345             else:
346                 distance = row.distance
347
348         # Check for an interpolation that is either closer than our result
349         # or belongs to a close street found.
350         if self.max_rank > 27 and self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.ADDRESS):
351             log().comment('Find interpolation for street')
352             addr_row = await self._find_interpolation_for_street(parent_place_id,
353                                                                  distance)
354             log().var_dump('Result (street interpolation)', addr_row)
355             if addr_row is not None:
356                 row = addr_row
357                 row_func = nres.create_from_osmline_row
358
359         return row, row_func
360
361
362     async def _lookup_area_address(self) -> Optional[SaRow]:
363         """ Lookup large addressable areas for the given WKT point.
364         """
365         log().comment('Reverse lookup by larger address area features')
366         t = self.conn.t.placex
367
368         def _base_query() -> SaSelect:
369             # The inner SQL brings results in the right order, so that
370             # later only a minimum of results needs to be checked with ST_Contains.
371             inner = sa.select(t, sa.literal(0.0).label('distance'))\
372                       .where(t.c.rank_search.between(5, MAX_RANK_PARAM))\
373                       .where(t.c.geometry.intersects(WKT_PARAM))\
374                       .where(snfn.select_index_placex_geometry_reverse_lookuppolygon('placex'))\
375                       .order_by(sa.desc(t.c.rank_search))\
376                       .limit(50)\
377                       .subquery('area')
378
379             return _select_from_placex(inner, False)\
380                       .where(inner.c.geometry.ST_Contains(WKT_PARAM))\
381                       .order_by(sa.desc(inner.c.rank_search))\
382                       .limit(1)
383
384         sql: SaLambdaSelect = sa.lambda_stmt(_base_query)
385         if self.has_geometries():
386             sql = self._add_geometry_columns(sql, sa.literal_column('area.geometry'))
387
388         address_row = (await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)).one_or_none()
389         log().var_dump('Result (area)', address_row)
390
391         if address_row is not None and address_row.rank_search < self.max_rank:
392             log().comment('Search for better matching place nodes inside the area')
393
394             address_rank = address_row.rank_search
395             address_id = address_row.place_id
396
397             def _place_inside_area_query() -> SaSelect:
398                 inner = \
399                     sa.select(t,
400                               t.c.geometry.ST_Distance(WKT_PARAM).label('distance'))\
401                       .where(t.c.rank_search > address_rank)\
402                       .where(t.c.rank_search <= MAX_RANK_PARAM)\
403                       .where(t.c.indexed_status == 0)\
404                       .where(snfn.select_index_placex_geometry_reverse_lookupplacenode('placex'))\
405                       .where(t.c.geometry
406                                 .ST_Buffer(sa.func.reverse_place_diameter(t.c.rank_search))
407                                 .intersects(WKT_PARAM))\
408                       .order_by(sa.desc(t.c.rank_search))\
409                       .limit(50)\
410                       .subquery('places')
411
412                 touter = t.alias('outer')
413                 return _select_from_placex(inner, False)\
414                     .join(touter, touter.c.geometry.ST_Contains(inner.c.geometry))\
415                     .where(touter.c.place_id == address_id)\
416                     .where(inner.c.distance < sa.func.reverse_place_diameter(inner.c.rank_search))\
417                     .order_by(sa.desc(inner.c.rank_search), inner.c.distance)\
418                     .limit(1)
419
420             sql = sa.lambda_stmt(_place_inside_area_query)
421             if self.has_geometries():
422                 sql = self._add_geometry_columns(sql, sa.literal_column('places.geometry'))
423
424             place_address_row = (await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)).one_or_none()
425             log().var_dump('Result (place node)', place_address_row)
426
427             if place_address_row is not None:
428                 return place_address_row
429
430         return address_row
431
432
433     async def _lookup_area_others(self) -> Optional[SaRow]:
434         t = self.conn.t.placex
435
436         inner = sa.select(t, t.c.geometry.ST_Distance(WKT_PARAM).label('distance'))\
437                   .where(t.c.rank_address == 0)\
438                   .where(t.c.rank_search.between(5, MAX_RANK_PARAM))\
439                   .where(t.c.name != None)\
440                   .where(t.c.indexed_status == 0)\
441                   .where(t.c.linked_place_id == None)\
442                   .where(self._filter_by_layer(t))\
443                   .where(t.c.geometry
444                                 .ST_Buffer(sa.func.reverse_place_diameter(t.c.rank_search))
445                                 .intersects(WKT_PARAM))\
446                   .order_by(sa.desc(t.c.rank_search))\
447                   .limit(50)\
448                   .subquery()
449
450         sql = _select_from_placex(inner, False)\
451                   .where(sa.or_(sa.not_(inner.c.geometry.is_area()),
452                                 inner.c.geometry.ST_Contains(WKT_PARAM)))\
453                   .order_by(sa.desc(inner.c.rank_search), inner.c.distance)\
454                   .limit(1)
455
456         if self.has_geometries():
457             sql = self._add_geometry_columns(sql, inner.c.geometry)
458
459         row = (await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)).one_or_none()
460         log().var_dump('Result (non-address feature)', row)
461
462         return row
463
464
465     async def lookup_area(self) -> Optional[SaRow]:
466         """ Lookup large areas for the current search.
467         """
468         log().section('Reverse lookup by larger area features')
469
470         if self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.ADDRESS):
471             address_row = await self._lookup_area_address()
472         else:
473             address_row = None
474
475         if self.has_feature_layers():
476             other_row = await self._lookup_area_others()
477         else:
478             other_row = None
479
480         return _get_closest(address_row, other_row)
481
482
483     async def lookup_country_codes(self) -> List[str]:
484         """ Lookup the country for the current search.
485         """
486         log().section('Reverse lookup by country code')
487         t = self.conn.t.country_grid
488         sql = sa.select(t.c.country_code).distinct()\
489                 .where(t.c.geometry.ST_Contains(WKT_PARAM))
490
491         ccodes = [cast(str, r[0]) for r in await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)]
492         log().var_dump('Country codes', ccodes)
493         return ccodes
494
495
496     async def lookup_country(self, ccodes: List[str]) -> Optional[SaRow]:
497         """ Lookup the country for the current search.
498         """
499         if not ccodes:
500             ccodes = await self.lookup_country_codes()
501
502         if not ccodes:
503             return None
504
505         t = self.conn.t.placex
506         if self.max_rank > 4:
507             log().comment('Search for place nodes in country')
508
509             def _base_query() -> SaSelect:
510                 inner = \
511                     sa.select(t,
512                               t.c.geometry.ST_Distance(WKT_PARAM).label('distance'))\
513                       .where(t.c.rank_search > 4)\
514                       .where(t.c.rank_search <= MAX_RANK_PARAM)\
515                       .where(t.c.indexed_status == 0)\
516                       .where(t.c.country_code.in_(ccodes))\
517                       .where(snfn.select_index_placex_geometry_reverse_lookupplacenode('placex'))\
518                       .where(t.c.geometry
519                                 .ST_Buffer(sa.func.reverse_place_diameter(t.c.rank_search))
520                                 .intersects(WKT_PARAM))\
521                       .order_by(sa.desc(t.c.rank_search))\
522                       .limit(50)\
523                       .subquery('area')
524
525                 return _select_from_placex(inner, False)\
526                     .where(inner.c.distance < sa.func.reverse_place_diameter(inner.c.rank_search))\
527                     .order_by(sa.desc(inner.c.rank_search), inner.c.distance)\
528                     .limit(1)
529
530             sql: SaLambdaSelect = sa.lambda_stmt(_base_query)
531             if self.has_geometries():
532                 sql = self._add_geometry_columns(sql, sa.literal_column('area.geometry'))
533
534             address_row = (await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)).one_or_none()
535             log().var_dump('Result (addressable place node)', address_row)
536         else:
537             address_row = None
538
539         if address_row is None:
540             # Still nothing, then return a country with the appropriate country code.
541             sql = sa.lambda_stmt(lambda: _select_from_placex(t)\
542                       .where(t.c.country_code.in_(ccodes))\
543                       .where(t.c.rank_address == 4)\
544                       .where(t.c.rank_search == 4)\
545                       .where(t.c.linked_place_id == None)\
546                       .order_by('distance')\
547                       .limit(1))
548
549             if self.has_geometries():
550                 sql = self._add_geometry_columns(sql, t.c.geometry)
551
552             address_row = (await self.conn.execute(sql, self.bind_params)).one_or_none()
553
554         return address_row
555
556
557     async def lookup(self, coord: AnyPoint) -> Optional[nres.ReverseResult]:
558         """ Look up a single coordinate. Returns the place information,
559             if a place was found near the coordinates or None otherwise.
560         """
561         log().function('reverse_lookup', coord=coord, params=self.params)
562
563
564         self.bind_params['wkt'] = f'POINT({coord[0]} {coord[1]})'
565
566         row: Optional[SaRow] = None
567         row_func: RowFunc = nres.create_from_placex_row
568
569         if self.max_rank >= 26:
570             row, tmp_row_func = await self.lookup_street_poi()
571             if row is not None:
572                 row_func = tmp_row_func
573
574         if row is None:
575             if self.restrict_to_country_areas:
576                 ccodes = await self.lookup_country_codes()
577                 if not ccodes:
578                     return None
579             else:
580                 ccodes = []
581
582             if self.max_rank > 4:
583                 row = await self.lookup_area()
584             if row is None and self.layer_enabled(DataLayer.ADDRESS):
585                 row = await self.lookup_country(ccodes)
586
587         result = row_func(row, nres.ReverseResult)
588         if result is not None:
589             assert row is not None
590             result.distance = row.distance
591             if hasattr(row, 'bbox'):
592                 result.bbox = Bbox.from_wkb(row.bbox)
593             await nres.add_result_details(self.conn, [result], self.params)
594
595         return result