3 OSM data is initially imported using [osm2pgsql](https://osm2pgsql.org).
4 Nominatim uses its own data output style 'gazetteer', which differs from the
5 output style created for map rendering.
9 The gazetteer style produces a single table `place` with the following rows:
11 * `osm_type` - kind of OSM object (**N** - node, **W** - way, **R** - relation)
12 * `osm_id` - original OSM ID
13 * `class` - key of principal tag defining the object type
14 * `type` - value of principal tag defining the object type
15 * `name` - collection of tags that contain a name or reference
16 * `admin_level` - numerical value of the tagged administrative level
17 * `address` - collection of tags defining the address of an object
18 * `extratags` - collection of additional interesting tags that are not
19 directly relevant for searching
20 * `geometry` - geometry of the object (in WGS84)
22 A single OSM object may appear multiple times in this table when it is tagged
23 with multiple tags that may constitute a principal tag. Take for example a
24 motorway bridge. In OSM, this would be a way which is tagged with
25 `highway=motorway` and `bridge=yes`. This way would appear in the `place` table
26 once with `class` of `highway` and once with a `class` of `bridge`. Thus the
27 *unique key* for `place` is (`osm_type`, `osm_id`, `class`).
29 ## Configuring the Import
31 How tags are interpreted and assigned to the different `place` columns can be
32 configured via the import style configuration file (`NOMINATIM_IMPORT_STYLE`). This
33 is a JSON file which contains a list of rules which are matched against every
34 tag of every object and then assign the tag its specific role.
36 ### Configuration Rules
38 A single rule looks like this:
42 "keys" : ["key1", "key2", ...],
45 "value2" : "prop1,prop2"
50 A rule first defines a list of keys to apply the rule to. This is always a list
51 of strings. The string may have four forms. An empty string matches against
52 any key. A string that ends in an asterisk `*` is a prefix match and accordingly
53 matches against any key that starts with the given string (minus the `*`). A
54 suffix match can be defined similarly with a string that starts with a `*`. Any
55 other string constitutes an exact match.
57 The second part of the rules defines a list of values and the properties that
58 apply to a successful match. Value strings may be either empty, which
59 means that they match any value, or describe an exact match. Prefix
60 or suffix matching of values is not possible.
62 For a rule to match, it has to find a valid combination of keys and values. The
63 resulting property is that of the matched values.
65 The rules in a configuration file are processed sequentially and the first
66 match for each tag wins.
68 A rule where key and value are the empty string is special. This defines the
69 fallback when none of the rules match. The fallback is always used as a last
70 resort when nothing else matches, no matter where the rule appears in the file.
71 Defining multiple fallback rules is not allowed. What happens in this case,
76 One or more of the following properties may be given for each tag:
80 A principal tag. A new row will be added for the object with key and value
81 as `class` and `type`.
85 When the tag is a principal tag (`main` property set): only really add a new
86 row, if there is any name tag found (a reference tag is not sufficient, see
91 When the tag is a principal tag (`main` property set): only really add a new
92 row, if there is also a name tag that matches the key of the principal tag.
93 For example, if the main tag is `bridge=yes`, then it will only be added as
94 an extra row, if there is a tag `bridge:name[:XXX]` for the same object.
95 If this property is set, all other names that are not domain-specific are
100 When the tag is a principal tag (`main` property set): only really add a new
101 row, when no other principal tags for this object have been found. Only one
102 fallback tag can win for an object.
106 When the tag is a principal tag (`main` property set): also include the
107 `operator` tag in the list of names. This is a special construct for an
108 out-dated tagging practise in OSM. Fuel stations and chain restaurants
109 in particular used to have the name of the chain tagged as `operator`.
110 These days the chain can be more commonly found in the `brand` tag but
111 there is still enough old data around to warrant this special case.
115 Add tag to the list of names.
119 Add tag to the list of names as a reference. At the moment this only means
120 that the object is not considered to be named for `with_name`.
124 Add tag to the list of address tags. If the tag starts with `addr:` or
125 `is_in:`, then this prefix is cut off before adding it to the list.
129 Add the value as a postcode to the address tags. If multiple tags are
130 candidate for postcodes, one wins out and the others are dropped.
134 Add the value as a country code to the address tags. The value must be a
135 two letter country code, otherwise it is ignored. If there are multiple
136 tags that match, then one wins out and the others are dropped.
140 If no principle tags can be found for the object, still add the object with
141 `class`=`place` and `type`=`house`. Use this for address nodes that have no
146 Add this object as an address interpolation (appears as `class`=`place` and
147 `type`=`houses` in the database).
151 Add tag to the list of extra tags.
155 Skip the tag completely. Useful when a custom default fallback is defined
156 or to define exceptions to rules.
158 A rule can define as many of these properties for one match as it likes. For
159 example, if the property is `"main,extra"` then the tag will open a new row
160 but also have the tag appear in the list of extra tags.
162 There are a number of pre-defined styles in the `settings/` directory. It is
163 advisable to start from one of these styles when defining your own.
165 ### Changing the Style of Existing Databases
167 There is normally no issue changing the style of a database that is already
168 imported and now kept up-to-date with change files. Just be aware that any
169 change in the style applies to updates only. If you want to change the data
170 that is already in the database, then a reimport is necessary.