1 # Writing custom sanitizer and token analysis modules for the ICU tokenizer
3 The [ICU tokenizer](../customize/Tokenizers.md#icu-tokenizer) provides a
4 highly customizable method to pre-process and normalize the name information
5 of the input data before it is added to the search index. It comes with a
6 selection of sanitizers and token analyzers which you can use to adapt your
7 installation to your needs. If the provided modules are not enough, you can
8 also provide your own implementations. This section describes the API
9 of sanitizers and token analysis.
12 This API is currently in early alpha status. While this API is meant to
13 be a public API on which other sanitizers and token analyzers may be
14 implemented, it is not guaranteed to be stable at the moment.
17 ## Using non-standard sanitizers and token analyzers
19 Sanitizer names (in the `step` property) and token analysis names (in the
20 `analyzer`) may refer to externally supplied modules. There are two ways
21 to include external modules: through a library or from the project directory.
23 To include a module from a library, use the absolute import path as name and
24 make sure the library can be found in your PYTHONPATH.
26 To use a custom module without creating a library, you can put the module
27 somewhere in your project directory and then use the relative path to the
28 file. Include the whole name of the file including the `.py` ending.
30 ## Custom sanitizer modules
32 A sanitizer module must export a single factory function `create` with the
36 def create(config: SanitizerConfig) -> Callable[[ProcessInfo], None]
39 The function receives the custom configuration for the sanitizer and must
40 return a callable (function or class) that transforms the name and address
41 terms of a place. When a place is processed, then a `ProcessInfo` object
42 is created from the information that was queried from the database. This
43 object is sequentially handed to each configured sanitizer, so that each
44 sanitizer receives the result of processing from the previous sanitizer.
45 After the last sanitizer is finished, the resulting name and address lists
46 are forwarded to the token analysis module.
48 Sanitizer functions are instantiated once and then called for each place
49 that is imported or updated. They don't need to be thread-safe.
50 If multi-threading is used, each thread creates their own instance of
53 ### Sanitizer configuration
55 ::: nominatim.tokenizer.sanitizers.config.SanitizerConfig
60 ### The main filter function of the sanitizer
62 The filter function receives a single object of type `ProcessInfo`
63 which has with three members:
65 * `place`: read-only information about the place being processed.
67 * `names`: The current list of names for the place. Each name is a
69 * `address`: The current list of address names for the place. Each name
70 is a PlaceName object.
72 While the `place` member is provided for information only, the `names` and
73 `address` lists are meant to be manipulated by the sanitizer. It may add and
74 remove entries, change information within a single entry (for example by
75 adding extra attributes) or completely replace the list with a different one.
77 #### PlaceInfo - information about the place
79 ::: nominatim.data.place_info.PlaceInfo
85 #### PlaceName - extended naming information
87 ::: nominatim.data.place_name.PlaceName
93 ### Example: Filter for US street prefixes
95 The following sanitizer removes the directional prefixes from street names
101 def _filter_function(obj):
102 if obj.place.country_code == 'us' \
103 and obj.place.rank_address >= 26 and obj.place.rank_address <= 27:
104 for name in obj.names:
105 name.name = re.sub(r'^(north|south|west|east) ',
111 return _filter_function
114 This is the most simple form of a sanitizer module. If defines a single
115 filter function and implements the required `create()` function by returning
118 The filter function first checks if the object is interesting for the
119 sanitizer. Namely it checks if the place is in the US (through `country_code`)
120 and it the place is a street (a `rank_address` of 26 or 27). If the
121 conditions are met, then it goes through all available names and
122 removes any leading directional prefix using a simple regular expression.
124 Save the source code in a file in your project directory, for example as
125 `us_streets.py`. Then you can use the sanitizer in your `icu_tokenizer.yaml`:
130 - step: us_streets.py
135 This example is just a simplified show case on how to create a sanitizer.
136 It is not really read for real-world use: while the sanitizer would
137 correcly transform `West 5th Street` into `5th Street`. it would also
138 shorten a simple `North Street` to `Street`.
140 For more sanitizer examples, have a look at the sanitizers provided by Nominatim.
141 They can be found in the directory
142 [`nominatim/tokenizer/sanitizers`](https://github.com/osm-search/Nominatim/tree/master/nominatim/tokenizer/sanitizers).
145 ## Custom token analysis module
147 ::: nominatim.tokenizer.token_analysis.base.AnalysisModule
153 ::: nominatim.tokenizer.token_analysis.base.Analyzer
158 ### Example: Creating acronym variants for long names
160 The following example of a token analysis module creates acronyms from
161 very long names and adds them as a variant:
165 """ This class is the actual analyzer.
167 def __init__(self, norm, trans):
172 def get_canonical_id(self, name):
173 # In simple cases, the normalized name can be used as a canonical id.
174 return self.norm.transliterate(name.name).strip()
177 def compute_variants(self, name):
178 # The transliterated form of the name always makes up a variant.
179 variants = [self.trans.transliterate(name)]
181 # Only create acronyms from very long words.
183 # Take the first letter from each word to form the acronym.
184 acronym = ''.join(w[0] for w in name.split())
185 # If that leds to an acronym with at least three letters,
186 # add the resulting acronym as a variant.
188 # Never forget to transliterate the variants before returning them.
189 variants.append(self.trans.transliterate(acronym))
193 # The following two functions are the module interface.
195 def configure(rules, normalizer, transliterator):
196 # There is no configuration to parse and no data to set up.
197 # Just return an empty configuration.
201 def create(normalizer, transliterator, config):
202 # Return a new instance of our token analysis class above.
203 return AcronymMaker(normalizer, transliterator)
206 Given the name `Trans-Siberian Railway`, the code above would return the full
207 name `Trans-Siberian Railway` and the acronym `TSR` as variant, so that
208 searching would work for both.
210 ## Sanitizers vs. Token analysis - what to use for variants?
212 It is not always clear when to implement variations in the sanitizer and
213 when to write a token analysis module. Just take the acronym example
214 above: it would also have been possible to write a sanitizer which adds the
215 acronym as an additional name to the name list. The result would have been
216 similar. So which should be used when?
218 The most important thing to keep in mind is that variants created by the
219 token analysis are only saved in the word lookup table. They do not need
220 extra space in the search index. If there are many spelling variations, this
221 can mean quite a significant amount of space is saved.
223 When creating additional names with a sanitizer, these names are completely
224 independent. In particular, they can be fed into different token analysis
225 modules. This gives a much greater flexibility but at the price that the
226 additional names increase the size of the search index.